tiistai 17. syyskuuta 2013

Innovaatiot lisääntyvät joustavassa verkossa


                Jatkamme hyvien ajatusten metsästystä. Toinen Steven Johnsonin luovuutta lisäävissä ympäristöissä toistuva hahmo on Helposti muuttuvat verkostot. Uskokaa tai älkää niin tätäkin blogia naputtelevan ihmisen aivoissa on peräti 100 miljoonaa neuronia ja 100 biljoonaa erillistä kytkentää niiden välillä, se on maapallon suurin ja monimutkaisin verkosto. ( eihän uskoisi! ) Vertailun vuoksi www:ssä on nyt noin 40 miljardia sivua ja jos oletamme että jokaisella sivulla on keskimäärin noin kymmenen linkkiä niin, päässäsi on verkosto joka on monta kymmentä kerta lukua suurempi kuin koko www.

Sitten painumme taas takaisin elämän alkulimaan. Sikäli kuin ihminen tietää, niin elämä ilman hiiliatomia on mahdotonta. Ai miksikö? No koska ominaisuuksiensa ( jotka voit itse selvittää) vuoksi se on erityisen taitava solmimaan kemiallisia sidoksia muiden atomien kanssa, hiili on kytkijä. Hiili on siis jonkinlainen luonnon www jonka uutta tuottavia linkkejä ilman maapallo olisi pysynyt elottomana alkuaineiden liemenä, yök. Mutta hiilikään ei pysty muodostamaan kytkentöjään tyhjyydessä ilman oikeanlaista väliainetta, ja siihen taas vesi on ihan omiaan, näin on alkuperäinen liemi valmis.

Seuraavaksi Johnson tekeekin taas mielenkiintoisia vertailuja erilaisten innovaatioympäristöjen välillä. Ensin tarkastellaan molekyylin käyttäytymistä seuraavissa tiloissa:

Kaasussa vallitsee kaaos, uudet yhdistelmät ovat mahdollisia, mutta kaaoksen liikkuva luonne ei tarjoa niille otollisia olosuhteita kehittyä.

Kiinteä aine tarjoaa taas liian kiinteät olosuhteet, molekyylit eivät pääse treffailemaan eivätkä siten muutu.

Nestemäinen verkosto sen sijaan on ihanteellinen ympäristö molekyyleille tutkia Rinnakkaista mahdollistaan ( termi edellisestä luvustani) koska se joustaa ja mahdollistaa molekyylien törmäilyn ja muunnoksien kehityksen.

Näitä kolmea olomuotoa voidaan verrata myös ihmisen kulttuurihistoriaan. Följ med:

Metsästäjä- keräilijät elivät nimittäin kaasumaisissa olosuhteissa, pienissä nopeasti liikkuvissa ryhmissä, joissa heillä ei ollut juurikaan tilaisuuksia tutustua toisiinsa.

Maanviljelyn ja luostarien myötä ihmiset sitten asettuivat aloilleen ja alkoivat jo kokoontua suuremmiksi kyliksi, innovaatioita alkoi hiljalleen syntyä. Uskonnolliset yhteisöt kuten luostarit opettivat ja jakoivat tietoa, mutta ne olivat hyvin suljettuja yhteisöjä ja Johnson vertaakin niitä siksi kiinteään aineeseen.

Kaupungistuminen ja erityisesti renessanssin ajan italialaiset kaupungit tuottivat keskiaikaisen kiinteän järjestyksen vapautumisesta johtuen useita neroja ( Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Da vinci). Näiden kaupunkien väestöä tuli eri suunnista ja ne rikkoivat informaation sidokset, antaen ajatusten kiertää vapaasti. Mitä suuremmaksi kaupunki kasvaa sitä innovaatisemmaksi se tutkimusten mukaan tulee.

Jos ihmisen kaikki suuret innovaatiot laitetaan yhdelle aikajanalle, niin tällainen maalainenkin joutuu myöntämään että suurten kaupunkien myötä innovaatiot suorastaan räjähtävät elämään. Italian taiteellinen ja tieteellinen kukoistus kytkeytyi myös varhaiseen kauppakapitalismiin. Se kiihdytti Italian kaupunkien kasvua ja synnytti vaurautta jota voitiin käyttää tieteisiin ja taiteisiin. Johnson haluaa kuitenkin vielä korostaa myös keksintöä nimeltä `kaksinkertainen kirjanpito`jota mm. Goethe on kutsunut yhdeksi ihmismielen hienoimmista keksinnöistä. Suora sitaatti Steven Johnsonilta: Kaksinkertainen kirjanpito kuvaa markkinoiden synnyn keskeistä periaatetta: kun talousjärjestelmät siirtyvät feodaalisista rakenteista modernin kapitalismin orastaviin muotoihin, niiden hierarkia vähenee ja ne verkottuvat voimakkaammin. Tarkennetaan nyt vielä että tämä lauma sieluisuus ei siis tee KOKO laumasta älykkäämpää ja innovatiivisempaa vaan verkottuminen antaa mahdollisuuden sen älykkäille jäsenille hyödyntää tilanne ja kehittyä entistä innovatiivisemmiksi.   

Siinä missä Arthur Koestler ylistää luovaa mieltä teoksessaan The Act of Creation, Steven Johnson taas haluaa muistuttaa ympäristöjen merkityksestä, hän kirjoittaa: mieli on kytkeytynyt ulkoisiin verkostoihin jotka muokkaavat informaation virtaa ja inspiraatiota, joista suuret ajatukset muotoillaan. Johnson kirjoittaa vielä pitkästi erilaisista työympäristöistä ja niiden ominaisuuksista ajatusten muokkaamisessa, vertailee erilaisia työympäristöjä kuten, kiinteitä yksittäisiä huoneita, avokonttoreita ja lopulta parhaimmaksi ratkaisuksi todettuja ” helposti muuntuvia tiloja”. Verkoston tehokkuutta hän painottaa vielä seuraavasti; Ryhmän keskustelun sosiaalinen virtaus muuttaa yksityisen kiinteän olomuodon helposti muuttuvaksi verkostoksi. Meitä suomalaisia ehkä vielä kiinnostaa että maailman modernein ja tässä mielessä huipputehokas pääkonttori on Microsoftin Building 99 Washingtonissa.

 

Tarraa verkkoon, hyviä ajatuksia on tulossa lisää!

 

ML

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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